46 Chapter 3 Table 3.1. Characteristics of the participants. Older adult participants (n= 2297) Age at baseline (years) 74.5 ± 4.7 Females 1399 (61%) Hypertension 1763 (77%) Type 2 diabetes mellitus 192 (8%) BMI at baseline (kg/m3) 27.2 ± 4.1 Cholesterol (mmol/L) 5.70 ± 1.13 Smoking status Never 1017 (44%) Former 1030 (45%) Current 250 (11%) Coronary artery disease 361 (16%) Time to follow-up (years) 5.2 ± 0.2 Data are shown as mean ± SD or frequency (%). Baseline characteristics were collected via questionnaires. Table 3.2. Cerebrovascular MRI markers of the participants. Baseline Follow-up Change over time Periventricular/confluent WMH Solidity 0.19 ± 0.12 - - Convexity 1.03 ± 0.18 - - Concavity index 1.27 ± 0.15 - - Fractal dimension 1.71 ± 0.15 - - Deep WMH Eccentricity 0.61 ± 0.07 - - Fractal dimension 1.70 ± 0.14 - - WMH volume (ml) 16.56 ± 17.21 22.32 ± 22.18 5.76 ± 7.74 Participants with subcortical infarcts 153 (7%) 221 (10%) 68 (3%) Participants with microbleeds 381 (17%) 680 (30%) 299 (13%) Participants with enlarged perivascular spaces 358 (16%) 397 (17%) 39 (2%) Participants with cerebellar infarcts 434 (19%) 596 (26%) 162 (7%) Participants with cortical infarcts 176 (8%) 299 (13%) 123 (5%) Data are indicated as mean ± SD, or frequency (%).
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