47 White matter hyperintensity shape and long-term progression of cerebrovascular disease 3 Table 3.3. Linear and logistic regression analyses of baseline WMH shape and volume markers and cerebrovascular changes over 5.2 years. Change in WMH volume B (95% CI) New subcortical infarcts OR (95% CI) New microbleeds OR (95% CI) New enlarged perivascular spaces OR (95% CI) New cerebellar infarcts OR (95% CI) New cortical infarcts OR (95% CI) Periventricular/ confluent WMH (n=2297) Solidity 0.91 (0.59–1.23)*** 1.75 (1.16–2.62)** 1.24 (1.07–1.44) ** 1.07 (0.79–1.47) 0.99 (0.86–1.15) 1.27 (0.97–1.65) Convexity 1.94 (1.62–2.26)*** 1.44 (1.17–1.76)*** 1.16 (1.04–1.30)** 1.34 (1.05–1.71)* 1.16 (1.02–1.33)* 1.04 (0.88–1.22) Concavity index 2.28 (1.95–2.61)*** 1.58 (1.29–1.94)*** 1.24 (1.11–1.39)*** 1.34 (1.05–1.71) * 1.16 (1.02–1.33) * 1.09 (0.92–1.29) Fractal dimension 2.62 (2.32–2.93) *** 1.91 (1.49–2.44)*** 1.47 (1.30–1.65)*** 1.28 (0.97–1.68) 1.14 (0.99–1.31) 1.20 (1.00–1.44) Deep WMH (n=2293) Eccentricity 2.02 (1.72–2.33)*** 1.04 (0.84–1.28) 1.14 (1.01–1.27)* 0.97 (0.75–1.26) 1.02 (0.89–1.17) 1.30 (1.10–1.55)** Fractal dimension 2.09 (1.78–2.41)*** 1.09 (0.88–1.35) 1.03 (0.92–1.15) 1.04 (0.81–1.34) 1.06 (0.93–1.21) 1.31 (1.11–1.55)** WMH volume (n=2297) 4.05 (3.77–4.33)*** 2.26 (1.75–2.92)*** 1.52 (1.35–1.70)*** 1.28 (0.99–1.64) 1.25 (1.09–1.42)** 1.44 (1.21–1.72)*** Lower solidity and convexity, as well as a higher concavity index and fractal dimension indicate a more irregular WMH shape. Higher eccentricity indicates a rounder shape and a lower eccentricity indicates a more elongated shape. Solidity, convexity, and eccentricity were inverted to aid comparability in direction of effect. The association of baseline WMH shape with WMH volume change was investigated using linear regression models, controlled for age, sex, and intracranial volume. The association of baseline WMH shape with new subcortical brain infarcts, microbleeds, enlarged perivascular spaces, cerebellar infarcts, and cortical infarcts at follow-up was investigated with logistic regression models, controlled for age and sex. Data is shown as B values (95% CI) or odds ratio (OR) (95% CI). Positive B values indicate that WMH progression increases with every unit increase of the WMH shape marker. Negative B values show that WMH progression decreases with every unit increase of the WMH shape marker. OR above 1 show that with increase of the WMH shape marker, the risk is OR-times higher to have e.g. an infarct. OR below 1 show that with increase of the WMH shape marker, the risk is OR-times lower to have e.g. infarcts. * p<0.05 ** p<0.01 *** p<0.001.
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