69 White matter hyperintensity shape and cognitive decline over 5 years 4 was related to cognitive decline in the executive function domain over 5.2 years (table 4.2). No associations were found for deep WMH shape. 4.4.1.3 Processing speed domain A more irregular shape of periventricular/confluent WMH expressed as a lower solidity (-0.04 (-0.07—-0.02); p<0.001), a lower convexity (-0.06 (-0.08—-0.03); p<0.001), a higher concavity index (-0.08 (-0.10—-0.05); p<0.001), and a higher fractal dimension (-0.06 (-0.09—-0.04); p<0.001) was significantly associated with cognitive decline over 5.2 years in the processing speed domain (table 4.2). No associations were found for deep WMH shape. Table 4.1. Baseline characteristics of the study sample. Baseline characteristics Total n = 2560 Age (years) 74.7 ± 4.8 Females 1562 (61%) BMI (kg/m3) 27.2 ± 4.1 Hypertension 1978 (77%) Diabetes type 2 diabetes 228 (9%) Cholesterol (mmol/L) 5.69 ± 1.13 Smoking status Never 1141 (44%) Former 1145 (45%) Current 274 (11%) Coronary artery disease 402 (16%) Time to follow-up (years) 5.2 ± 0.3 Total WMH volume (ml) 17.44 ± 15.94 Periventricular/confluent WMH volume (ml) 15.93 ± 15.54 Deep WMH volume (ml) 1.51 ± 1.37 Periventricular/confluent WMH Solidity 0.19 ± 0.12 Convexity 1.03 ± 1.18 Concavity index 1.27 ± 1.15 Fractal dimension 1.71 ± 1.54 Deep WMH Eccentricity 0.61 ± 0.07 Fractal dimension 1.69 ± 0.13 Data are indicated as mean ± SD or frequency (%). WMH: white matter hyperintensities.
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