100 Chapter 4 were as follows: age, sex, obesity, smoking, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, severe chronic respiratory disease, HIV infection, severe renal disease, severe liver disease and Down's syndrome. The definitions are listed in Table 2. Outcome The outcome measures were as follows: (a) number of antibiotic prescriptions and (b) proportion of patient contacts resulting in antibiotic prescriptions during influenza seasons 2017–2020 and during the two waves of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (2020); (c) the number of hospital admissions; (d) ICU admissions; and (e) deaths among patients with COVID-19. Statistical analysis For comparison of extent of antibiotic prescription between SARS-CoV-2 waves and influenza seasons, the number of antibiotic prescriptions and proportion of patient contacts resulting in antibiotic prescriptions were compared via unpaired t-tests. Association testing between risk factors and outcome measures was performed using multivariate logistic regression with age, sex, obesity, and smoking added to the model as covariates with the additional risk factors, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, severe chronic respiratory disease, HIV infection, severe renal disease, severe liver disease and Down's syndrome, merged into a composite comorbidity variable. For calculation of this composite variable, the presence of each risk factor or disease was counted as one and added together as a count variable. The multivariate logistic regression model tested the associations between these risk factors and outcome measures (a and b) antibiotic prescriptions, (c) hospital admissions, (d) ICU admissions, and (e) mortality. Multiple imputation was used to address missing data for risk factors smoking and obesity. The imputation model included all covariates and outcomes (details of multiple imputation model in supplement 1). SPSS statistics (version 25) was used for statistical analysis. Results In total, 1702 patients were diagnosed by their GP with suspected or confirmed COVID19 in the first wave of 2020 with 6904 patients diagnosed in the second wave (Table 3). The total number of antibiotic prescriptions was similar during the first wave compared with the second wave (209 versus 238 prescriptions, respectively). The proportion of
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