109 Comparing antibiotic prescriptions in primary care between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza 4 Table 3. Patient characteristics Diagnosis Influenza SARS-CoV-2 Year/Season 2017 2018 2019 2020 1st wave 2nd wave Population size* 254,586 276,275 288,703 288,305 288,305 288,305 Number of patients 4579 8016 4354 1422 1702 6904 Age range in years (mean) 18-100 (51) 18-102 (51) 18-101 (51) 18-99 (48) 18-100 (50) 18-100 (48) Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 (n) - - - - 247 5682 Suspected SARS-CoV-2 (n) - - - - 1455 1222 Number of contacts with GP practices 4858 9298 4922 1542 2165 8867 Riskfactors for adverse course SARS-CoV-2 infection Age ≥ 70 year % (n) 18.8 (860) 18.2 (1457) 18.5 (804) 13.3 (189) 14.9 (253) 11.7 (806) Male % (n) 35.4 (1622) 36.5 (2929) 34.6 (1507) 37.7 (536) 38.4 (653) 42.3 (2923) Obesity, BMI > 29 % (n)† 17.6 (807) 18.2 (1456) 18.9 (823) 17.2 (245) 6.6 (113) 16.6 (1147) Smoking: current and previous % (n)‡ 25.9 (1185) 25.9 (2077) 25.2 (1099) 23.1 (329) 9.8 (166) 19.3 (1330) Heart disease % (n) § 12.3 (565) 10.5 (844) 10.4 (452) 7.2 (102) 3.5 (59) 8.0 (550) Diabetes mellitus % (n)| 10.4 (477) 10.5 (839) 9.8 (427) 8.2 (116) 10.6 (181) 9.9 (682) Severe chronic respiratory disease (n)¶ 3.4 (154) 3.5 (277) 3.4 (150) 2.8 (40) 6.2 (105) 2.9 (198) Hiv-infection % (n)# 0.3 (13) 0.3 (21) 0.3 (15) 0.1 (1) 0.4 (6) 0.3 (20) Severe kidney disease (eGFR<26) % (n)** 0.4 (19) 0.4 (35) 0.2 (9) 0.2 (3) 0.6 (11) 0.3 (21) Liver failure % (n)†† 0.1 (1) 0 0.1 (1) 0 0 0 Down syndrome % (n) 0.1 (1) 0.1 (1) 0.1 (3) 0 0 0.1 (1) SARS-CoV-2: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2. GP: General practitioner. ICPC: ICPC: International Classification of Primary Care codes 1st edition. BMI: Body mass index. * In total, 348,553 individual patients were registered during the study period 2016-2020 in the ELAN Datawarehouse. The population size per year is the number of patients registered during that study year. † Missing BMI (year/season, n): 2017, 2507; 2018, 4338; 2019, 2378; 2020, 847; 1st wave, 1434; 2nd wave, 4274. ‡ Missing smoke status (year/season, n): 2017, 2403; 2018, 4201; 2019, 2312; 2020, 805; 1st wave, 1404; 2nd wave, 4182. § Heart disease: ICPC K74 Angina pectoris, ICPC K75 and K76 Myocardial infarct, ICPC K77 Heart failure, ICPC K78 Atrial fibrillation. | Diabetes mellitus: ICPC T90 Diabetes mellitus. ¶ Severe chronic respiratory disease: ICPC R91 Chronic bronchitis, ICPC R89 Congenital anomaly respirator, ICPC R91 Bronchiëctasieën, ICPC R95 COPD. # Hiv-infection : ICPC B90, Use of anti-viral medication for a Hiv-infection. ** Severe renal disease: ICPC U99(.01) Renal impairment and eGFR is below 25 ml/min/1.73 m2. †† Liver failure: ICPC D97 Cirrhosis, Liver failure of liver decompensation, Contra-indication label liver impairment.
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