42 Chapter 2 Supplement 2: List of countries with a health care system where the general practitioner act as s gatekeeper Gatekeeper is defined as a compulsory GP referral to access most types of specialist care except in case of emergency (1). • Australia • Canada • Chile • Costa Rica • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • Ireland • Italy • Latvia • Lithuania • Netherlands • New Zealand • Norway • Poland • Slovenia • Spain • Sweden • United Kingdom 1. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): OECD Health System characteristics Survey [Available from: http://www.oecd.org/.
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