Martijn Sijbom

61 Determinants of inappropriate antibiotic prescription in primary care in developed countries with general practitioners as gatekeepers 3 References 1. Worldwide country situation analysis: response to antimicrobial resistance 2015 [World Health Organisation report]. Available from: https://www.who.int/drugresistance/documents/situationanalysis/en/ accessed May 2019. 2. Bell BG, Schellevis F, Stobberingh E, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of antibiotic consumption on antibiotic resistance. BMC infectious diseases 2014;14:13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-13 [published Online First: 2014/01/11] 3. Antimicrobial consumption ECDC website2020 [European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control report]. Available from: https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/antimicrobial-consumption/surveillance-and-disease-data/database accessed December 2020. 4. National Institute for Public health and the Enivronment (RIVM), SWAB. Nethmap 2021. Consumption of antimicrobial agents and antimicrobial resistance among medically important bacteria in the Netherlands in 2020 [Available from: https://swab.nl/nl/nethmap. 5. NHG_workgroup. Acute coughing 2011 [Dutch Society of General Practitioners guideline]. Available from: https://richtlijnen.nhg.org/standaarden/acuut-hoesten accessed June 2020. 6. NHG_workgroup. Dutch Society of General Practitioners guideline: Bacterial Skin infections 2019 [Available from: https://richtlijnen.nhg.org/standaarden/bacteriele-huidinfecties. 7. NHG_workgroup. Dutch Society of General Practitioners guideline: Acute rhinosinusitis 2014 [Available from: https://richtlijnen.nhg.org/standaarden/acute-rhinosinusitis2020. 8. NHG_workgroup. Dutch Society of General Practitioners guideline: Urinary tract infections 2020 [Available from: https://richtlijnen.nhg.org/standaarden/urineweginfecties2020. 9. National Institute for Health Care and Excellence (NICE): Self-limiting respiratory tract and ear infections – antibiotic prescribing overview [cited 2020. Available from: https://pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/selflimiting-respiratory-tract-and-ear-infections-antibiotic-prescribing#path=view%3A/pathways/self-limitingrespiratory-tract-and-ear-infections-antibiotic-prescribing/self-limiting-respiratory-tract-and-ear-infectionsantibiotic-prescribing-overview.xml&content=view-index accessed June 2020. 10. National Institute for Health Care and Excellence (NICE): Urinary tract infections overview [Available from: https://pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/urinary-tract-infections accessed June 2020. 11. Bianco A, Papadopoli R, Mascaro V, et al. Antibiotic prescriptions to adults with acute respiratory tract infections by Italian general practitioners. Infect Drug Resist 2018;11:2199-205. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S170349 [doi];idr-11-2199 [pii] 12. Jorgensen LC, Friis CS, Cordoba CG, et al. Antibiotic prescribing in patients with acute rhinosinusitis is not in agreement with European recommendations. Scand J Prim Health Care 2013;31(2):101-05. doi: 10.3109/02813432.2013.788270 [doi] 13. Hek K, van Esch TEM, Lambooij A, et al. Guideline Adherence in Antibiotic Prescribing to Patients with Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care: Prevalence and Practice Variation. Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 2020;9(9) doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9090571 [published Online First: 2020/09/10] 14. Howarth T, Brunette R, Davies T, et al. Antibiotic use for Australian Aboriginal children in three remote Northern Territory communities. PloS one 2020;15(4) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231798 15. Debets VE, Verheij TJ, van der Velden AW. Antibiotic prescribing during office hours and out-of-hours: a comparison of quality and quantity in primary care in the Netherlands. The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners 2017;67(656):e178-e86. doi: 67/656/e178 [pii];10.3399/ bjgp17X689641 [doi] 16. Peñalva G, Fernández-Urrusuno R, Turmo JM, et al. Long-term impact of an educational antimicrobial stewardship programme in primary care on infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in the community: an interrupted time-series analysis. The Lancet Infectious diseases 2020;20(2):199-207. doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30573-0 [published Online First: 2019/11/27] 17. Morgan DJ, Leppin AL, Smith CD, et al. A Practical Framework for Understanding and Reducing Medical Overuse: Conceptualizing Overuse Through the Patient-Clinician Interaction. Journal of hospital medicine 2017;12(5):34651. doi: 10.12788/jhm.2738 [published Online First: 2017/05/02]

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