77 Determinants of inappropriate antibiotic prescription in primary care in developed countries with general practitioners as gatekeepers 3 Supplement 6a: Characteristics included studies Study authors Publication year Study design Geographical location Research period Study population Definition of inappropriate antibiotic prescription Number of patients/ practices/general practitioners Akkerman 2005 Prospective cohort study Netherlands 2003 RTI Not according to the guidelines 146 GP's/1469 consultations Akkerman 2005 Prospective cohort study Netherlands 2003 Acute otitis media Not according to the guidelines 146 GP's/458 consultations Biezen 2019 Focus-groups Australia 2018 GPs Not according to the guidelines 26 GPs Cadieux 2007 Retrospective cohort study Canada 1990-1998 Viral RTI, bacterial RTI and UTI Antibiotic prescription for a viral infection 104,230 episodes viral infection/ 852 physicians Damoiseaux 1999 Observational study with semi-structured interviews Netherlands 1994-1995 Acute otitis media Not according to the guidelines 22 GP's/362 patients Dekker 2015 Observational study Netherlands 2008-2010 RTI Antibiotic prescription not according to the guidelines 2739 consultations/48 practices Eggermont 2018 Retrospective crosssectional Netherlands 2013 Sore throat symptoms (ICPC R21, R22, R72, R74, R76, R77) Not indicated by the international guidelines 11,285 consultations/ 25 GP's Fernandez-Alvarez 2019 Questionnaire Spain 2010 GPS Not according to indicators 2100 GPs Fletcher-Lartey 2016 Cross-sectional survey and semi-structured survey Australia 2014 GP's Not indicated 584 GP's filled in survey (response rate 23.7%), 32 GP's interviewed Malo 2016 Retrospective crosssectional Spain 2011 acute bronchitis (ICPC code R78) Not according to the guidelines 36955 episodes of acute bronchitis
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