88 Chapter 3 Study authors Publication year Determinants of inappropriate antibiotic prescription Negative impact No impact Positive impact Silverman 2017 Received antibiotics in previous year Payment model (fee for service, capitation) Female physician 11-24 year career versus < 11 year career Hospital affiliation (Canada) >25 year career versus < 11 year career Medical education outside Canada or United States Workload > 150 days/year 25-44 patients/day versus < 25 patients/day > 45 patients/day versus < 25 patients/day Singer 2018 Female versus male patient OR 1.22 (95% CI: 1.15-1.30) Practice location (urban versus Rural) Age patient < 60 year versus > 60 year OR 1.19 (95% CI: 1.02–1.38) Practice size (< 1055 patients versus > 1055 patients) Comorbidity 3 or more versus 0 OR 2.02 (95% CI:1.90–2.14) Provider age (= 43 year versus > 43 year) Comorbidity 1 or 2 versus 0 OR 1.34 (95% CI: 1.28–1.39) Provider sex (male versus Female) Fee for service provider versus salaried provider OR 4.35 95% CI: (3.31–5.72) No. Of encounters per week (< 53 versus ≥ 53) Frequency of office visits (per 2 visit increase to the same primary care provider) OR 1.48 (95% CI: 1.30-1.69) Singer 2018 Patient age (per 10 year increase) OR 1.13 (95% CI: 1.03-1.24) Female patients Number of comorbid conditions OR 1.11 (95% CI: 1.07-1.17) Country of graduation (other than Canada) Office visit frequency 1.12 (95% CI: 1.08-1.22) Higher prescriber age (per 10 years increase) Rural practice location OR 1.47 (95% CI: 1.17-1.84) Larger practice size OR 2.26 (95% CI: 1.76-3.16) Van Esch 2018 Shared decision making CI: Confidence interval EMR: Electronic Medical Record OR: Odds ratio
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