254 Chapter 11 Table 3. Continued Reference Level of Testing Name Genes, Molecules or Panel Investigated Type of Analysis Performed Gene or Molecule Name and Mutation or Expression Status (n) No. of Patients with PM (N) and Outcomes (n) No. of Patients without PM (N) and Outcomes (n) MMR Status (MSI/MSS) Findings as Reported by Authors in Studies Shelygin et al. 35 DNA and RNA KRAS, BRAF and EMT * RT-PCR N = 20 N = 38 PM: 2/18 M0: 6/32 Mutations in KRAS and BRAF with PM was 70%, compared to 42.1% in M0 patients (p = 0.04 d). The frequency of wild types in both genes was 57.9% in CRC without PM compared to 30% with PM (p = 0.04 d). No differences were observed between the two groups in KRAS and BRAF mutations solely. KRAS mutant 11 15 BRAF V600E 3 1 KRAS/BRAF wildtype 6 22 KRAS/BRAF mutant 14 16 EMT + (13) 7 6 EMT − (45) 13 32 Shirahata et al. 42 RNA MACC1 expression RT-PCR N = 5 N = 47 N/A MACC1 expression showed significant correlation with PM compared to the group without PM (5.75 ±4.58 vs. 2.57 ±3.09, p = 0.042 b). MACC1 expression - - Shirahata et al. 41 DNA Vimentin methylation qMSP N = 5 N = 43 N/A A trend was shown toward preferentially developing PM with Vimentin methylation (p = 0.080 d). Vimentin + 5 26 Vimentin - 0 17
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