84 Chapter 3 SUPPLEMENTARY COREAL S1. All research questions formulated by the coordinating team that were assessed during the literature search. 1. Preoperative topics • What patient characteristics are preoperative risk factors for AL in colorectal cancer surgery? • What is the effectiveness of prehabilitation versus no prehabilitation prior to elective colorectal cancer surgery on the percentage of AL? • What is the effectiveness of mechanical bowel preparation versus no preparation prior to elective colorectal cancer surgery on the percentage of AL? • What is the effectiveness of prophylactic oral antibiotics versus no ABX prior to colorectal cancer surgery on the percentage of AL? • What is the effectiveness of anemia correction versus no correction prior to colorectal cancer surgery on the percentage of AL? • What is the effectiveness of sarcopenia assessment versus no assessment prior to colorectal cancer surgery on the percentage of AL? 2. Intraoperative topics • What is the comparative effectiveness of alternative operative technique (operations & anastomosis techniques) on the percentage of AL? • What is the effectiveness of perfusion assessment versus no perfusion assessment during colorectal cancer surgery on the postoperative percentage of AL? • What is the effectiveness of prophylactic diversion versus no prophylactic diversion during colorectal cancer surgery on the postoperative percentage of AL? • What is the effectiveness of performing an integrity test versus no test during colorectal cancer surgery on the postoperative percentage of AL? • What is the effectiveness of anastomotic reinforcement versus no reinforcement during colorectal cancer surgery on the postoperative percentage of AL? • What is the effectiveness of placing a prophylactic drain versus no drain in the abdominal or pelvic cavity after colorectal cancer surgery on the percentage of AL? • What is the effectiveness of an intraoperative ERAS protocol versus no protocol during colorectal cancer surgery on the percentage of AL? • What is the effectiveness of transanal decompression tube versus no tube during low anterior colorectal cancer surgery on the percentage of AL? • What is the effectiveness of using a validated intra-operative AL risk scoring system versus no scoring system during colorectal cancer surgery on the percentage of AL? • What is the effectiveness of bypass devices versus no during colorectal cancer surgery on the postoperative percentage of AL? • What is the influence of human factors during colorectal cancer surgery on the postoperative percentage of AL? 3. Postoperative short-term topics • What is the diagnostic accuracy of validated clinical predictions scores for early identification of AL after colorectal cancer surgery? • What is the diagnostic accuracy of biochemical markers on the percentage early detected ALs after colorectal surgery? • What is the positive predictive value of postoperative imaging on the percentage of AL diagnoses after colorectal cancer surgery? • What is the positive predictive value of endoscopic examination on the percentage of AL diagnoses after colorectal cancer surgery? • What is the effectiveness of a low fiber diet versus regular diet postoperatively on the percentage of AL after colorectal cancer surgery?
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