Linda Joosten

26 CHAPTER 2 REFERENCES 1. Lane DA, Skjøth F, Lip GYH, Larsen TB, Kotecha D. Temporal trends in incidence, prevalence, and mortality of atrial fibrillation in primary care. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(5). 2. Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Bax JJ, Blomström-Lundqvist C, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2021;42(5):373–498. 3. Kirchhof P, Camm AJ, Goette A, Brandes A, Eckardt L, Elvan A, et al. Early rhythm control therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;383(14):1305–16. 4. Willems S, Borof K, Brandes A, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, Crijns HJGM, et al. Systematic, early rhythm control strategy for atrial fibrillation in patients with or without symptoms: The EAST-AFNET 4 trial. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(12):1219–30. 5. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: The Framingham Study. Stroke. 1991;22(8):983–8. 6. Hurst JW, Paulk EA, Proctor HD, Schlant RC. Management of patients with atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Medicine. 1964;37:728–41. 7. Wolf PA, Dawber TR, Thomas HE, Kannel WB. Epidemiologic assessment of chronic atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke: The Framingham Study. Neurology. 1978;28:973–7. 8. Brambatti M, Connolly SJ, Gold MR, Morillo CA, Capucci A, Muto C, et al. Temporal relationship between subclinical atrial fibrillation and embolic events. Circulation. 2014;129(21):2094–9. 9. Camen S, Ojeda FM, Niiranen T, Gianfagna F, Vishram-Nielsen JK, Costanzo S, et al. Temporal relations between atrial fibrillation and ischaemic stroke and their prognostic impact on mortality. Europace. 2020;22(4):522–9. 10. Van Gelder IC, Hagens VE, Bosker HA, Kingma JH, Kamp O, Kingma T, et al. A comparison of rate rontrol and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(23):1834–40. 11. Lutsey PL, Norby FL, Alonso A, Cushman M, Chen LY, Michos ED, et al. Atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism: evidence of bidirectionality in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2018;16(4):670–9. 12. Watson T, Shantsila E, Lip GY. Mechanisms of thrombogenesis in atrial fibrillation: Virchow’s triad revisited. The Lancet. 2009;373:155–66. 13. Ding WY, Gupta D, Lip GYH. Atrial fibrillation and the prothrombotic state: Revisiting Virchow’s triad in 2020. Heart. 2020;106(19):1463–8. 14. Masawa N, Yoshida Y, Yamada T, Joshita T, Ooneda G. Diagnosis of cardiac thrombosis in patients with atrial fibrillation in the absence of macroscopically visible thrombi. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1993;422(1):67–71. 15. Weijs B, De Vos CB, Tieleman RG, Peeters FECM, Limantoro I, Kroon AA, et al. The occurrence of cardiovascular disease during 5-year follow-up in patients with idiopathic atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2013;15(1):18–23. 16. The stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation investigators committee on echocardiography. Transesophageal echocardiographic correlates of thromboembolism in high-risk patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:639–47. 17. Osranek M, Bursi F, Bailey KR, Grossardt BR, Brown RD, Kopecky SL, et al. Left atrial volume predicts cardiovascular events in patients originally diagnosed with lone atrial fibrillation: three-decade follow-up. European Heart Journal. 2005;26:2487–9.

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