54 CHAPTER 3 S4: CHARACTERISTICS OF COVID-19 PATIENTS, INCLUDING CHA2DS2-VASC SCORE, AND THEIR RELATION TO IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITHOUT A HISTORY OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION OR ATRIAL FLUTTER. Univariable analysesa Alive (n=3,317) Death (n=938) Outcome NA (n=24) Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) Male sex n (%) 2,081 (62.8) 656 (69.9) 15 (62.5) 1.38 (1.18-1.62) Sex NA n (%) 1 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Age in years median (IQR)b 66 (59-74) 75 (68-80) 67 (60.75-73) 7.85 (5.60-11.20) Age in years’ 26.22 (9.96-75.80) Age in years’’ 7.96 (5.77-11.09) Age in years NA n (%) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 n (%) 718 (21.6) 315 (33.6) 0 (0.0) 4.26 (3.05-6.17) CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 NA n (%) 2,197 (66.2) 582 (62.0) 22 (91.7) AF/AFL da n (%) 268 (8.1) 134 (14.3) 1 (4.2) 1.90 (1.52-2.36) AF/AFL da NA n (%) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Multivariable analyses (with spline for age and the interaction between age and AF/AFL)a Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) Male sex 1.60 (1.22-2.13) Age in years b 8.66 (4.27-19.14) Age in years’ b 17.45 (2.47-185.93) Age in years’’ b 6.13 (3.23-12.21) CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 2.02 (1.32-3.17) AF/AFL da 3.80 (0.03-84.86) Interaction age and AF/AFL b 0.25 (0.04-4.16) Interaction age and AF/AFL’ b 0.21 (0.00-5981.88) Interaction age and AF/AFL’’ b 0.13 (0.02-1.33) a In all above analyses only patients with an age of 50-90 years were included, because the number of patients developing new-onset AF and/or AFL during admission was too low in patients <50 years and >90 years in order to obtain reliable results. b Age was divided into three subgroups (depicted by [X], [X’], and [X’’]) using a cubic spline function, because it follows a non-linear pattern with the outcome variable, as visualised in the graph below the table. AF: atrial fibrillation; AFL: atrial flutter; CI: confidence interval; da: during admission; IQR: interquartile range; n: number; NA: not available.
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