114 Chapter 2 Table A.10 Characteristics of the studies focussing on anxiety in medical settings Paper Country Target group N % male Age, mean (SD) Age range Intervention arms Intervention characteristics Assessments Variables measured Findings relevant for current review Burns-Nader et al. 2017 USA Children undergoing hydrotherapy for the treatment of burns 30 63.3 7.47 (2.54) 4-12 years 1. Child life specialist-supported distraction using a computer tablet with interactive games (game distraction). 2. Standard care, including psychosocial support by a child life specialist but no form of distraction (standard care). 1. The computer tablet was used during the hydrotherapy procedure. Pre, during, and post hydrotherapy. Anxiety, pain, length of procedure. Participants in the tablet distraction group displayed less anxiety during the procedure compared to those in the standard care group and returned to baseline after the procedure while participants in the control group displayed higher anxiety post-procedure. Chan et al. 2019 – trial 1 (emergency department) Australia Children in the emergency department requiring intravenous cannulation or venipuncture 123 54.5 8.06 (2.42) 4-11 years 1. Virtual reality distraction (game distraction). 2. Standard care, including age-appropriate distraction, such as child-life therapy, toys, books and electronic devices (standard care). 1. The participant interacted with the virtual environment during the procedure. Pre and post needle procedure. Pain, anxiety, distress, need for restraint, number of needle attempts and success, child’s withdrawal of their arm, need for procedural sedation; procedural data, adverse events; age (moderator). In comparison with standard care, virtual reality reduced pain, anxiety and distress. Chan et al. 2019 – trial 2 (outpatient pathology) Australia Children in outpatient pathology requiring venipuncture 131*a 57.4 7.80 (2.33) 4-11 years 1. Virtual reality distraction (game distraction). 2. Standard care, including age-appropriate distraction, such as child-life therapy, toys, books and electronic devices (standard care). 1. The participant interacted with the virtual environment during the procedure. Pre and post needle procedure. Pain, anxiety, distress, need for restraint, number of needle attempts and success, child’s withdrawal of their arm, need for procedural sedation; procedural data, adverse events; age (moderator). In comparison with standard care, virtual reality reduced pain, anxiety and distress.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTk4NDMw