120 Chapter 2 Paper Country Target group N % male Age, mean (SD) Age range Intervention arms Intervention characteristics Assessments Variables measured Findings relevant for current review Marechal et al. 2017 France Children undergoing general anaesthesia for various ambulatory minor surgical procedures 118*d 70.4 6.75 (1.85) 4-10 years 1. Midazolam group (standard care). 2. Computer tablet-based age-appropriate games of their choice (game distraction). 1. Participants received midazolam upon arrival to the ambulatory ward (i.e., 20-30 minutes before anaesthesia). 2. Participants received the tablet 20 minutes before anaesthesia and were encouraged to play until loss of consciousness. Children were allowed to resume playing as soon as they were fully awake again. Baseline (at arrival surgical ward), pre (at separation from parents, just before transfer from waiting area to surgical room), during mask induction, and post (when transferred from post-anaesthesia care unit to ambulatory surgery ward). Anxiety, parental anxiety, children’s postoperative behaviour changes at home (measured 1 day, 1 week and 2 weeks after the surgery); satisfaction. No significant differences in anxiety between the midazolam and game groups at the time of mask induction, nor at the time of parent separation. Over the four measurements, mean level of anxiety was significantly lower in the game group compared with the midazolam group, but the mean score did not change differentially between the two groups.
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