134 Chapter 2 Paper Country Target group N % male Age, mean (SD) Age range Intervention arms Intervention characteristics Assessments Variables measured Findings relevant for current review Cioffi & Lubetzky, 2023 USA Healthy adolescents 42 31.0 15.73 (1.16) 14-18 years 1. Oculus Rift BOXVR game (casual game). 2. Boxing with a guided workout video (active condition). 3. Non-intervention control group (passive condition). 1 and 2. Ten-minute exercise sessions, five times a week for three weeks. 3. The non-intervention control group did not participate in any exercise in relation to the study. Pre, weekly during intervention period (including post measurement), and 1-week FU. Executive functioning, anxiety, stress, enjoyment and engagement, heartrate. The BOXVR group showed a reduction in stress and improvements in one part of the executive functioning measure at the weekly assessments and FU. All groups showed improvements in another part of the executive functioning measure. At the end of the study, the BOXVR group reported lower stress levels than the guided video group, and better executive functioning than the control group. While the control group showed a reduction in anxiety, the groups were not different in anxiety at the end of the study. The BOXVR group reported significantly greater enjoyment after each exercise session than the guided video group. David et al. 2019a Romania Healthy children and adolescents 165*b 35.9 12.90 (2.06) 10-16 years 1. REThink. 2. Rational Emotive Behaviour Education (REBE) condition. 3. Waitlist control group. 1. Seven 50-minute online modules, completed during one month. 2. Seven group meetings in class format, completed during one month. 3. Waitlist participants receive the REThink intervention after the 6-month FU. Pre, mid-treatment (after 2 weeks), and post. Emotional symptoms, depressive mood; irrational cognitions, intolerance of rules and for work, and (five subscales of) negative and positive automatic thoughts (mediators); gender and age (moderators). Irrational beliefs mediate the effect for the REThink intervention. A decrease in irrational beliefs contributed to a decrease in emotional symptoms and depressive mood. The efficacy of the intervention did not vary by age or gender, but younger and older adolescents responded differently on the measures assessing emotional symptoms and depressive mood.
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