112 Chapter 5 Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control by country The age and sex standardized percentage of patients being aware of their hypertension was 75.3% in in middle-income countries (MICs) and 51.9% in high-income countries (HICs), Note: Estimates represent odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of having controlled hypertension and 95 confidence intervals. Control was defined as blood pressure measurement <140/90mmHg (<140/85 mmHg in diabetics) during physical examination. Reference catgories for co-variated included in the model are: male sex, age <65, index event PTCA, primary education, not using antihypertensive medication, not adherent to medication, never or former smoking, Physical activity ≥30min 5 times/week, BMI <25kg/m2, not diabetic, and LDL <1.8mmol/L. Awareness Treatment Control Aware - - 1.47 (1.27-1.71) Female sex 1.27 (1.07-1.51) 2.03 (1.56-2.63) 1.15 (1.00-1.34) Age 65 years or older 1.08 (0.93-1.27) 1.06 (0.86-1.30) 0.84 (0.73-0.95) CABG 1.34 (0.98-1.84) 0.70 (0.47-1.03) 0.94 (0.71-1.24) PTCA 1.37 (1.09-1.73) 1.26 (0.91-1.74) 0.91 (0.75-1.10) STEMI 0.97 (0.77-1.21) 0.87 (0.64-1.18) 1.00 (0.82-1.21) NSTEMI 1.04 (0.82-1.31) 1.06 (0.76-1.47) 0.84 (0.69-1.03) Secondary education 1.34 (1.05-1.71) 1.33 (0.98-1.79) 1.11 (0.89-1.37) Tertiary education 1.70 (1.33-2.17) 1.33 (0.98-1.71) 1.19 (0.95-1.48) Medication adherence 2.26 (1.81-2.82) - 1.97 (1.60-2.42) Number of medications 1.24 (1.17-1.31) - 1.11 (1.06-1.17) Overweight or obese 1.17 (0.96-1.42) 1.19 (0.92-1.54) 0.73 (0.62-0.87) Diabetic 0.85 (0.73-0.99) 0.98 (0.80-1.21) 0.65 (0.57-0.74) LDL ≥1.8mmol/L 0.99 (0.84-1.16) 0.74 (0.59-0.92) 0.75 (0.66-0.87) Current smoking 0.79 (0.65-0.97) 0.78 (0.60-1.00) 1.28 (1.07-1.53) Physical activity <30 minutes 5 times per week 0.87 (0.73-1.03) 1.10 (0.88-1.38) 0.99 (0.86-1.15) Undertook lifestyle changes 1.59 (1.36-1.86) 1.26 (1.02-1.56) 1.07 (0.94-1.23) Table 4. Results multivariable analysis showing associations of co-variates with having controlled hypertension. Figure 1. Percentage of patients being aware of, treated and controlled for hypertension by demographic characteristics.
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