68 Chapter 3 Overall Primary education Secondary education University Outcome: number of RF Female 1.05 (1.02-1.08)* 1.08 (1.03-1.12)* 1.04 (0.99-1.09) 1.00 (0.92-1.09) Age group 45-54 1.14 (1.07-1.21)* 1.06 (0.97-1.17) 1.28 (1.18-1.40)* 0.90 (0.76-1.06) 55-64 1.24 (1.17-1.31)* 1.16 (1.07-1.26)* 1.34 (1.24-1.47)* 1.14 (1.00-1.30) 65-74 1.25 (1.18-1.32)* 1.12 (1.11-1.29)* 1.31 (1.20-1.44)* 1.14 (1.00-1.29) Outcome: number of cardiometabolic RF Female 1.17 (1.09-1.25)* 1.23 (1.13-1.34)* 1.09 (0.98-1.21) 1.18 (0.94-1.48) Age group 45-54 1.45 (1.22-1.74)* 1.19 (0.95-1.51) 1.92 (1.52-2.44)* 1.03 (0.54-1.98) 55-64 1.85 (1.57-2.20)* 1.59 (1.30-1.95)* 2.20 (1.75-2.79)* 1.75 (0.99-3.27) 65-74 1.88 (1.59-2.22)* 1.60 (1.32-1.96)* 2.29 (1.82-2.90)* 1.57 (0.88-2.94) Outcome: number of lifestyle RF Female 0.95 (0.89-1.1.01) 0.92 (0.85-1.00) 1.03 (0.93-1.14) 0.80 (0.68-0.93)* Age group 45-54 0.97 (0.87-1.08) 0.99 (0.83-1.18) 1.03 (0.87-1.21) 0.72 (0.56-0.92)* 55-64 0.87 (0.78-0.96)* 0.82 (0.71-0.96)* 0.95 (0.81-1.12) 0.77 (0.62-0.96)* 65-74 0.89 (0.80-0.98)* 0.90 (0.78-1.05) 0.87 (0.73-1.04) 0.82 (0.66-1.02) Table 2. Results of Poisson-regression multivariable analysis. Results are expressed in rate ratios (95% confidence intervals). Note: Results are expressed in rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) by sex and controlled by age, in subjects with CHD in general and by educational level. Estimates represent the expected increase in count of RF in women compared to men controlled by age, in subjects with CHD in general and by educational level. Number of RF was treated as numeric outcome. Reference category for sex was male, and reference category for age group was 35-44 years. *Indicates significant differences between men and women. Abbreviations: CHD (Coronary Heart Disease). The most common RF combination in men and women with at least 4 RF in all educational groups was hypertension / dyslipidemia / obesity / unhealthy diet; followed by hypertension / diabetes / obesity / unhealthy diet in participants with primary and secondary schooling, and by hypertension / dyslipidemia / insufficient physical activity in participants with university education (Table 3). Participants without a previous history of CHD had a lower RF burden and there were no significant sex differences in the number of RF. Results for CESCAS participants without a history of CHD are presented in Supplementary File 1.
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