1. General introduction 22 In contrast to older imaging techniques, our custom-built 3D-FICS can be used for high resolution segmentation of larger volumes, for example to visualize the biodistribution of fluorescence-labeled drugs in frozen tissue in 3D images. The 3D-FICS allows examination of deeper tissue layers, and can reconstruct volumes in organs with high spatial resolution (8-32 micrometer).64 This novel 3D imaging technique has been used for the first time in cardiology to visualize monocytes in the coronary arteries.65 In this thesis we describe the first time utilization of the 3D-FICS to explore the distribution of EPI- and needle assisted injections in ex vivo keloid- and normal skin samples. In addition, a powerful 3D-camera to capture high resolution images was used in two studies in this thesis (Figure 6). Firstly, this technique was used to measure papule dimensions, directly after EPI-assisted jet injections in ex-vivo keloids. Secondly, a 3Dcamera was used in the BLEOJET study, a randomized controlled split lesion clinical trial comparing the effects of bleomycin with normal saline. The 3D-camera facilitates the measurement of objective changes including volume, height, and roughness, before and after treatment of keloids. A. B. Figure 6. A. A stereophotogrammetric three-dimensional camera (LifeViz® Micro, Quantificare, Sophia Antipolis, France). B. A three-dimensional reconstruction of a keloid lesion before EPI treatment, after image reconstruction with a heat map showing the height of the object which is used for the 3D analysis. 1 cm
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