Applying GRADE for diagnosis 67 2 Did the review authors use a satisfactory technique for assessing the risk of bias (RoB) in individual studies that were included in the review? RCTs For Partial Yes, must have assessed RoB from unconcealed allocation, and lack of blinding of patients and assessors when assessing outcomes (unnecessary for objective outcomes such as allcause mortality) For Yes, must also have assessed RoB from: allocation sequence that was not truly random, and selection of the reported result from among multiple measurements or analyses of a specified outcome Yes Partial Yes No Includes only NRSI NRSI For Partial Yes, must have assessed RoB: from confounding, and from selection bias For Yes, must also have assessed RoB: methods used to ascertain exposures and outcomes, and selection of the reported result from among multiple measurements or analyses of a specified outcome Yes Partial Yes No Includes only RCTs Did the review authors report on the sources of funding for the studies included in the review? For Yes Must have reported on the sources of funding for individual studies included in the review. Note: Reporting that the reviewers looked for this information but it was not reported by study authors also qualifies Yes No If meta-analysis was performed did the review authors use appropriate methods for statistical combination of results? RCTs For Yes: The authors justified combining the data in a meta-analysis AND they used an appropriate weighted technique to combine study results and adjusted for heterogeneity if present. AND investigated the causes of any heterogeneity Yes No No meta-analysis conducted For NRSI For Yes: The authors justified combining the data in a meta-analysis AND they used an appropriate weighted technique to combine study results, adjusting for heterogeneity if present AND they statistically combined effect estimates from NRSI that were adjusted for confounding, rather than combining raw data, or justified combining raw data when adjusted effect estimates were not available AND they reported separate summary estimates for RCTs and NRSI separately when both were included in the review Yes No No meta-analysis conducted If meta-analysis was performed, did the review authors assess the potential impact of RoB in individual studies on the results of the metaanalysis or other evidence synthesis? For Yes: included only low risk of bias RCTs OR, if the pooled estimate was based on RCTs and/or NRSI at variable RoB, the authors performed analyses to investigate possible impact of RoB on summary estimates of effect. Yes No No meta-analysis conducted
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