86 Chapter 2 Journal International Archives of Allergy and Immunology Study design Follow-up study Setting Population-based, Japan Study population Baseline: 1560 people >39 yrs from a small rural town in Japan, population-based sample, 58% female, 19% sensitization to cedar pollen, 5% seasonal allergic rhinitis due to cedar pollen, 16% sensitization to mite, 1.5% mite perennial allergic rhinitis. Number at follow-up: 703 persons, of whom 52 with seasonal allergic rhinitis in 1995. Outcome measures (nasal / ocular symptoms, concentration, sleep problems, absenteeism from school / work, quality of life) In 10/52 (19.2%) persons the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis disappeared during follow-up. Follow-up: 10 yrs. Risk of bias (tailormade criteria) Primary Was there a representative sample of patient (who were at a similar, identifiable, common, and possible early point in the course of the disease)? Yes/no/unclear Was follow-up sufficiently long and complete? Yes/no/unclear Secondary Were objective and unbiased outcome criteria used? Yes/no/unclear Were all characteristics of patients known or suspected to affect the outcome recorded (e.g. comorbidity) Yes/no/unclear Was there adjustment for important prognostic factors (e.g. information about treatment)? Yes/no/unclear Linked evidence Köberlein, 2013 [17] Author Köberlein Year of publication 2013 Journal Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology Study design Retrospective study Setting Data of post-marketing surveillance study in German medical practices Study population 42,111 patients with allergic rhinitis, using antihistamine desloratadine 4-6 weeks, mean age 38.1 years (sd 14.9, range 11101), 42.9% male, mean duration of disease 7.7 years (sd 66) Outcome measures (allergen avoidance, use of corticosteroids, use of antihistamines, compliance, treatment difficulties) Physician reported compliance by asking patients whether the medication had been taken as instructed: excellent 74.5%, good 23.6%, 1.6% moderate, 0.3% poor Risk of bias (JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data) Recall bias Was the sample frame appropriate to address the target population? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Were study participants sampled in an appropriate way? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was the sample size adequate? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was the data analysis conducted with sufficient coverage of the identified sample? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable
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