Applying GRADE for diagnosis 87 2 Were valid methods used for the identification of the condition? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was the condition measured in a standard, reliable way for all participants? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was there appropriate statistical analysis? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was the response rate adequate, and if not, was the low response rate managed appropriately? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Loh, 2004 [18] Author Loh Year of publication 2004 Journal Allergy Study design Prospective study, follow-up 30 days Setting Ear-nose-throat outpatient clinic, university hospital, Singapore Study population 63 patients with allergic rhinitis, of whom 84.1% allergic, treated with nasal steroids (triamcinolone acetonide 1 dd 2 puffs). Mean age 29 years (range 15-68), 78% male, 79.4% had rhinitis longer than 1 year Outcome measures (allergen avoidance, use of corticosteroids, use of antihistamines, compliance, treatment difficulties) ≥ 75 compliance: 87% reported by patients, 65% by weighing the medication. 50-75 compliance: 11% reported by patients, 24% by weighing the medication. <50% compliance: 2% reported by patients, 11% by weighing the medication. 77.8% of the patients reported forgetfulness of using the medication for few times Risk of bias Was the sample frame appropriate to address the target population? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Were study participants sampled in an appropriate way? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was the sample size adequate? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was the data analysis conducted with sufficient coverage of the identified sample? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Were valid methods used for the identification of the condition? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was the condition measured in a standard, reliable way for all participants? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was there appropriate statistical analysis? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was the response rate adequate, and if not, was the low response rate managed appropriately? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Navarro, 2011 [19] Author Navarro Year of publication 2011 Journal Journal of Investigation of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Study design Observational study Setting Public health, primary care, ear-nosethroat clinics, allergy clinics, Spain Study population 4040 patients with allergic rhinitis (confirmation not mentioned), 48% male, mean age 34 years (sd 14), duration of disease: mean 9 years (sd 8). Causes:
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