90 Chapter 2 36.8% belief that the medication was no longer needed, 10.5% believe that the medication was not effective, 5.26% inconvenience, 10.5% other reasons Risk of bias Inconsistencies in the report of numbers Was the sample frame appropriate to address the target population? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Were study participants sampled in an appropriate way? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was the sample size adequate? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was the data analysis conducted with sufficient coverage of the identified sample? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Were valid methods used for the identification of the condition? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was the condition measured in a standard, reliable way for all participants? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was there appropriate statistical analysis? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was the response rate adequate, and if not, was the low response rate managed appropriately? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Wong, 2010 [23] Author Wong Year of publication 2010 Journal Pediatric Allergy Journal Study design Questionnaire survey Setting National University Hospital Children’s Specialist Clinic, Singapore Study population 194 children (mean age 7.54 years, range 1-15) with rhinitis, of whom 79 with allergic rhinitis (clinically diagnosed, 61.9% male). All children had experience using topical nasal sprays and/or drops Outcome measures (allergen avoidance, use of corticosteroids, use of antihistamines, compliance, treatment difficulties) 24.7% found the use of topical nasal medications unacceptable. 50% of all children had treatment difficulties/ unpleasantness: 31% itch/pain/ discomfort, 23% medication flowing down throat/nose, 20% struggle away, 16% experiences fear/anxiety/cries, 16% flat refusal, 15% unpleasant aftertaste, 10% only allowing application of 1 nostril, 9% nostril dryness, 0% nosebleed Risk of bias Was the sample frame appropriate to address the target population? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Were study participants sampled in an appropriate way? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was the sample size adequate? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was the data analysis conducted with sufficient coverage of the identified sample? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Were valid methods used for the identification of the condition? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was the condition measured in a standard, reliable way for all participants? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was there appropriate statistical analysis? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable Was the response rate adequate, and if not, was the low response rate managed appropriately? Yes/No/Unclear/Not applicable
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