Remco Arensman

111 The short-term effectiveness of e-Exercise low back pain – a cluster RCT Table 5 Adjusted Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Improvements and Differences Between Groups stratified for the risk of developing persistent low back pain (LBP; N=204). Outcome measure Risk of developing persistent LBP Low risk (n = 120) Medium risk (n = 71) High risk (n = 13) Between-group difference, mean (95% CI)a P value Between-group difference, mean (95% CI)a P value Between-group difference, mean (95% CI)a P value Physical functioning (range 0-100) -0.82 (-2.92 to 1.27) .44 -3.48 (-8.99 to 2.03) .22 -16.39 (-27.98 to -4.79) .01 Pain Intensity (average score 7 days; range 0-10) 0.30 (-0.52 to 1.13) .47 0.01 (-1.08 to 1.11) .98 -3.43 (-6.55 to -0.31) .03 Physical activity (MVPAb minutes/day) 3.80 (-12.05 to 19.65) .64 1.08 (-16.70 to 18.86) .91 39.50 (-1.24 to 80.24) .06 Fear avoidance beliefs (range 0-96) -2.70 (-6.22 to 0.82) .13 -5.93 (-11.45 to -0.40) .04 -14.51 (-28.21 to -0.81) .04 Pain catastrophizing (range 0-52) 0.28 (-2.03 to 2.59) .81 -2.66 (-5.73 to 0.41) .09 -14.47 (-31.89 to 2.94) .10 Self-efficacy (range 10-40) -0.58 (-1.76 to 0.60) .33 0.85 (-0.92 to 2.62) .35 1.50 (-4.02 to 7.02) .60 Health related quality of life (range 0-100) 1.26 (-7.15 to 9.68) .77 0.84 (-6.47 to 8.15) .82 15.84 (-3.92 to 35.61) .12 Patient activation (range 0-100) -2.22 (-6.38 to 1.93) .29 1.85 (-3.27 to 6.97) .48 7.49 (-1.35 to 16.34) .10 Adherence to prescribed home exercises (range 0-24) 0.82 (-0.01 to 1.65) .05 0.86 (-0.35 to 2.08) .16 -1.19 (-3.37 to 0.99) .28 LBP = Low Back Pain MVPA = Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Difference between baseline and 3-months in Stratified blended physiotherapy vs. Face-to-face physiotherapy per risk group and adjusted for baseline and duration of LBP complaints (<12 weeks vs. >12 weeks) 5

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