33 Development of the Exercise Adherence Scale (EXAS) in patients with low back pain RESULTS Patient characteristics For the validity study, 30 patients with LBP were included. Before data collection was completed, three patients withdrew without providing a reason. Therefore, validity was determined based on data from 27 patients. Missing values on all variables varied between 0% and 7%. In cases of missing data, pairwise exclusion was performed. At the time of testing, the mean age of the patients was 39.2 (± 11.1) years. Thirteen patients had been suffering from LBP for a period of less than 3 months, one subject for 3 to 6 months, and 13 subjects for more than 6 months. Further demographic data of the participants, adherence rates, and the EXAS score can be found in Table 2. In total, 50 participants performing four different exercises were recorded for the reliability study, resulting in 200 observations. The average age of the participants in the reliability study was 25.6 (±7.37) but ranged from 18 to 55 years (Table 3). Table 2 Patient characteristics of the validity study of the exercise adherence scale. n % Mean (SD) Range Total sample 27 Age, in years 27 39.5 (11.3) 21–59 Male 16 59.3 Female 11 40.7 Height (cm) 27 100 174 (10.1) 160–197 Weight (kg) 27 100 79.8 (16.2) 58–112 Education Elementary school 1 3.7 High school 6 22.2 Vocational school 18 66.6 College or university 2 7.4 Duration of symptoms 0 to 3 months 13 48.1 3 to 6 months 1 3.7 More than 6 months 13 48.1 Adherence rate* 27 100 67.4 (27.2) 16–100 EXAS score 27 100 57.1 (25.9) 12.8–100 n: number of participants in sample; SD: Standard Deviation; cm: centimeters; kg: kilograms; *: Adherence rate is calculated as the percentage of patient-reported adherence to therapist homebased exercises recommendations; EXAS: Exercise Adherence Scale 2
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