Remco Arensman

83 Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of e-Exercise low back pain - study protocol However, with respect to our digitalized society it is expected that the majority of patients with LBP can benefit from the e-Exercise LBP intervention. The results of this study will help to understand whether blended physiotherapy for patients with LBP can be implemented on this basis. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-0203174-z. Additional file 1. Print screens of the smartphone application. Abbreviations CeHRes: Center for eHealth Research; COS: Core Outcome Set; EARS: Exercise Adherence Rating Scale; EQ-5D-5 L: EuroQol 5D; EXAS: Exercise Adherence Scale; FABQ: Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire; FCA: Friction Cost Approach; GSE scale: General Self-efficacy Scale; ICERs: Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios; iPCQ: IMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire; KNGF: Royal Dutch Association for Physiotherapy; LBP: Low Back Pain; LMM: Linear Mixed Models; NRS: Numeric Rating Scale; ODI: Oswestry Disability Index; PAM: Patient Activation Measure; PCS: Pain Catastrophizing Scale; QALY’s: Quality Adjusted Life Years; RCT: Randomized Controlled Trial Acknowledgements Not applicable. Authors’ contributions All authors (TK, RA, JD, RO, CV, CK, and MP) made substantial contributions to the design of this study AND have drafted the work or substantively revised it. Furthermore, all authors (TK, RA, JD, RO, CV, CK, and MP) have approved the submitted version (and any substantially modified version that involves the author’s contribution to the study). Finally, all authors (TK, RA, JD, RO, CV, CK, and MP) agree both to be personally accountable for the author’s own contributions and to ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work, even ones in which the author was not personally involved, are appropriately investigated, resolved, and the resolution documented in the literature. Funding This study is co-funded by the Taskforce for Applied Research SIA (RAAK.-PRO02.063), part of the Dutch Research Council (NWO). The external grant body undertook peerreview during the funding process. The Taskforce for Applied Research SIA had no role 4

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