121 Host response in patients with ICU-acquired pneumonia Figure S3. Cytokine release and systemic inflammatory responses in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients stratified according to the development of ICU-acquired pneumonia (cases, red) or not (controls, blue) at baseline and event. The baseline sample was obtained upon enrolment into the study. In cases, a follow up blood sample was obtained on the day the pneumonia was diagnosed (event); in controls, a follow up sample (“event”) was drawn on day 7 after enrolment into the study. Data are expressed as box-and-whisker diagrams depicting the median and lower quartile, upper quartile, and their respective 1.5 interquartile range as whiskers. Dashed lines indicate median values obtained in 19 age and sex matched subjects. P values are derived from the mixed model taking the group, time, and their interaction as fixed effects and patients-specific intercept as random effect. Asterisks indicate differences between groups (*P <0.05, **P <0.01, ***P <0.001). Definition of abbreviations: CD = cluster of differentiation; IL = interleukin; MMP = matrix metalloproteinase; RA = receptor antagonist; RAGE = receptor for advanced glycation endproducts; s = soluble; TREM = triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells. 5
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