137 Impact of sepsis and antibiotics on the microbiome Table 1. Summary of antimicrobials and their effects on the faecal microbiota Antimicrobial Effects on faecal microbiota Reference Decrease Increase Stable Penicillins Piperacillin/tazobactam Enterobacteriaceae Bifidobacteria Eubacteria lactobacilli Bacteroides enterococci Clostridia 54 Cephalosporins Cefepime E. coli Bifidobacteria Bacteroides Clostridia 59 Ceftazidime Enterobacteriaceae lactobacilli enterococci Bacteroides 60, 61 Ceftriaxone Enterobacteriaceae E. coli lactobacilli Bifidobacteria Clostridia enterococci Bacteroides 70, 71 Carbapenems Meropenem Enterobacteriaceae Clostridia Bacteroides enterococci Yeast lactobacilli Bifidobacteria Eubacteria 81 Imipenem Enterobacteriaceae enterococci Bifidobacteria Eubacteria lactobacilli Bacteroides Clostridia 83 Ertapenem E. coli Bifidobacteria Bacteroides enterococci lactobacilli Clostridia 84 Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin Enterobacteriaceae enterococci Anaerobic flora Bifidobacteria 88,89 Levofloxacin E. coli enterococci Clostridia Bifidobacteria lactobacilli Bacteroides 90 Moxifloxacin E. coli enterococci Bifidobacteria Clostridia lactobacilli Bacteroides Fusobacteria 92 6
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