273 Towards precision medicine in sepsis Declarations Compliance with ethic guidelines This article is based on previously conducted studies, and does not involve any new studies of human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors. Contributors All authors contributed to the planning, scope, content and critical review of the manuscript. The preparation of designated sections and literature search were performed by VC (Rapid microbiologic diagnostic approaches), FvdV, TC and MN (Immune status), TvE and WJW (Biomarkers), SN and MW (Personalized antibiotic treatment in sepsis), SO (Focus on research priorities: personalized medicine considerations in future clinical trials), TvE and WJW (Dysbiosis), EA and JR (Implications in low- and middle-income countries) and JR (Challenges and limitations). TvE was responsible for logistics and interim versions of the draft. The final draft was written by JR, TvE and WJW. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. We wish to acknowledge Mervyn Mer of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, for advice regarding the section on Implications in low- and middle-income countries. Funding This project has been funded by the European Study Group Critically Ill Patients (ESGCIP) and the ESCMID Study Group for Bloodstream Infections and Sepsis (ESGBIS). MGN was funded by a Spinoza grant of the Netherlands organization for Scientific Research and a Competitiveness Operational Program Grant of the Romanian Ministry of European Funds (FUSE). WJW is financially supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO; VIDI grant) and the European Union (H2020 MC-ITN; the European Sepsis Academy). TvE was funded by an AMC Scholarship, an individual PhD grant financed from core government funding. Supported in part by CIBERES (CB06/06/036), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. 11
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