38 Chapter 3 Abstract A biomarker is a characteristic by which a (patho)physiological process can be identified. Biomarkers can be of diagnostic value (to discriminate infection from non-infectious conditions or to determine the causative pathogen), of prognostic value (assigning risk profiles and predict outcome) and -in the future- of theranostic value (aid in selection and monitoring of therapy). Systems biology provides a promising tool for the discovery of novel biomarkers. Biomarkers can be the key to personalized targeted treatment in the future clinical management of sepsis. Key points • A biomarker is a characteristic by which a (patho)physiological process can be identified. • In the clinical setting, a biomarker needs to quickly assist the physician confronted with an ill patient in his or her decision on the best possible treatment. • Biomarkers can be of diagnostic, prognostic and -in the future- of theranostic value. • The “omics” field of systems biology provides a promising tool for the discovery of novel biomarkers. • Biomarkers, measured in simply obtainable samples with limited hands-on time or need for specialized laboratories, can be the key to personalized targeted treatment in the future clinical management of sepsis.
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