50 Chapter 3 Table 1. Transcriptomics as biomarkers Diagnostic biomarkers: infection versus no infection Clinical setting Cases Controls No of classifier genes and name No of subjects and/or discovery cohort Adults; ICU 74 sepsis patients 31 postsurgical noninfectious inflammation 4; SeptiCyte LAB 105 in five tertiary ICUs Australia Adults and children (multicohort analysis) 337 sepsis/infection patients 326 SIRS/ trauma patients 11; Sepsis MetaScore 663 in five data sets ICU 43 severe sepsis/ septic shock 53 severe SIRS 7 transcript gene expression score 96 in one tertiary ICU Germany Adults; ICU 101 CAP patients 33 no-CAP patients 78; FAIM3:PLAC8 ratio 134 in two tertiary ICUs the Netherlands Diagnostic biomarkers: causative pathogens Clinical setting Cases Controls No of classifier genes and name No of subjects and/or discovery cohort Adults and children; ED 273 (viral ARI (n=115), bacterial ARI (n=70) and noninfectious illness (n=88)) 44 healthy subjects 33 probes (viral ARI); 71 probes (bacterial ARI); 26 probes (noninfectious illness) 317 in four EDs USA Adults; hospitalized 118 hospitalized with LRTI (bacterial n=22, viral n=71, mixed n=25) 40 healthy subjects 10 (viral from bacterial LRTI) 158 in three respiratory seasons in one hospital USA Adults; ICU 39 (Influenza A n=8, bacterial pneumonia n=16, mixed Influenza A/ bacterial pneumonia n=3, noninfectious ICU admissions n=12) 18 healthy subjects 29 (Influenza A from bacterial infection) 57 in one ICU Australia Adults and children (multicohort analysis) 142 viral infections 284 bacterial infections 7; Bacterial/viral metascore 426 in eight datasets
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