Table of contents 1. General introduction 9 Part I: Pathogenesis and host response 19 2. Pathogenesis of sepsis Handbook of Sepsis, 2018 21 3. Biomarkers in sepsis Critical Care Clinics, 2018 37 4. Association of hyperferritinemia with distinct host response aberrations in patients with community-acquired pneumonia Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2022 61 5. Plasma protein biomarkers reflective of the host response in patients developing Intensive Care Unit-acquired pneumonia Critical Care, 2023 83 Part II: Intermezzo – focus on the microbiome 129 6. Impact of Sepsis and Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy on the Gut Microbiome Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2019 131 7. Gut Microbiome Modulation by Antibiotics in Adult Asthma: A Human Proof-of-Concept Intervention Trial Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2022 151 Part III: Towards improvement of diagnosis and clinical care 165 8. Classifying the diagnosis of study participants in clinical trials: a structured and efficient approach European Radiology Experimental, 2020 167 9. Ultra-low-dose CT versus chest X-ray for patients suspected of pulmonary disease at the emergency department: a multicentre randomised clinical trial Thorax, 2023 209 10. Limited clinical impact of Ultra-Low-Dose computed tomography in suspected community-acquired pneumonia Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2023 243
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