88 Chapter 5 Table 1. Patient characteristics and clinical outcome Cases (n = 316) Controls (n = 632) P value Baseline data Age, yr, mean (SD) 64 (15.3) 63 (16.0) 0.34 Female sex, n (%) 96 (30.4) 227 (35.9) 0.11 Body Mass Index, mean (SD) 27.3 (6.1) 27.2 (6.0) 0.97 Charlson Comorbidity Index, median (IQR) 3 (2–5) 3 (2–5) 0.98 Origin prior to ICU admission, n (%) 0.56 Home 173 (54.7) 326 (51.6) General ward 86 (27.2) 178 (28.2) Long term facility 7 (2.2) 14 (2.2) Other ICU 39 (12.3) 97 (15.3) Primary reason for ICU admission, n (%) 0.07 Medical 166 (52.5) 292 (46.2) Surgical, cardiothoracic 11 (3.5) 44 (7.0) Surgical, other 75 (23.7) 171 (27.1) Trauma 64 (20.3) 125 (19.8) Colonized with Staphylococcus aureus on admission, n (%) 172 (54.4) 316 (50.0) 0.22 Pneumonia on ICU admission, n (%) 75 (23.7) 124 (19.6) 0.17 APACHE IV, mean (SD) 75 (37.1) 70 (38.0) 0.07 Laboratory values at ICU admissiona White blood cells, 109/L, median (IQR) 12.6 (8.6–18.1) 13.0 (9.2–17.5) 0.54 Neutrophils, 109/L, median (IQR) 10.8 (7.1–15.1) 11.0 (7.2–15.2) 0.85 Monocytes, 109/L, median (IQR) 0.7 (0.4–1.0) 0.7 (0.4–1.1) 0.74 Lymphocytes, 109/L, median (IQR) 0.8 (0.5–1.2) 0.8 (0.5–1.3) 0.97 Platelets, 109/L, median (IQR) 199 (139–266) 205 (148–271) 0.34 Outcome data Length of ICU stay, days, median (IQR) 15 (10–28) 8 (5–14) <0.001 Readmission <30 days of ICU discharge, n (%) 16 (5.1) 21 (3.3) <0.001 Status at Day 90 after ICU admission, n (%) 0.02 Alive 158 (53.6) 368 (63.9) Dead 137 (46,4) 208 (36.1) APACHE IV Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV; ICU Intensive Care Unit; IQR interquartile range. A case was defined as a subject who developed a (by protocol defined) ICUacquired pneumonia. A control was defined as a subject who did not develop a protocol-defined ICU-acquired pneumonia. From all controls (n=1681) we randomly selected a subset in a 2:1 ratio to cases. Continuous nonparametric data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed rank sum- or Kruskal-Wallis test; categorical data were analyzed using a Fisher exact test; continuous
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