Jannet Beukema

111 Blood biomarkers during and after treatment routine basis. These kinds of observational studies might improve our knowledge on the mechanisms and development of cardiopulmonary toxicities. The latter is becoming increasingly relevant as several papers suggested worse overall survival with higher radiation dose exposure to the heart, which is not only related to cardiac events but also to haematological toxicities[30,31] In summary, rises in HS-TNT and NT-ProBNP levels at the end of radiotherapy for esophageal cancer were associated with radiation dose parameters to heart and lungs, and at later time points to clinical cardiac events after treatment. Therefore, these biomarkers may help us to further unravel the mechanisms of cardiac toxicity after thoracic radiotherapy and to identify patients at risk for cardiopulmonary events. 7

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