Chapter 5 84 Figures and Tables Table 1. Baseline characteristics Characteristic VKA group (n=202) DOAC group (n=81) P-value Age (years) 71 (63-77) 68 (62-73) 0.04 Male sex 144 (71.3%) 52 (64.2%) 0.24 Body mass index 26.0 (23.7-30.1) 27.3 (23.9-30.0) 0.27 Medical history - Chronic heart failure 134 (66.3%) 49 (60.5%) 0.35 - Hypertension 79 (39.1%) 34 (42.0%) 0.66 - Diabetes mellitus 32 (15.8%) 13 (16.0%) 0.97 - Stroke 22 (10.9%) 4 (49%) 0.12 - Transient ischemic attack 26 (12.9%) 5 (6.2%) 0.10 - Coronary artery disease 69 (34.2%) 25 (30.9%) 0.59 - Peripheral artery disease 14 (6.9%) 7 (8.6%) 0.62 - Chronic renal disease* 105 (52.0%) 29 (35.8%) 0.01 - eGFR (mL/min) 56 ± 22 68 ± 22 <0.001 - Dilated cardiomyopathy 61 (30.2%) 28 (34.6%) 0.47 - Ischemic cardiomyopathy 53 (26.2%) 16 (19.8%) 0.25 - COPD 42 (20.8%) 13 (16.0%) 0.36 - Mechanical heart valve 23 (11.4%) - 0.002 - History of bleeding 15 (7.4%) 4 (4.9%) 0.45 Type of AF: 0.034 - Paroxysmal AF 98 (48.5) 53 (65.4) - Persistent AF 30 (14.9) 9 (11.1) - Permanent AF 74 (36.6) 19 (23.5) CHA2DS2-VASc score 3 (2-5) 3 (2-4) 0.07 HAS-BLED score 2 (1-3) 1 (1-2) <0.001 Cardiac medication: - ACEI 88 (43.6%) 26 (32.1%) 0.08 - ARB 56 (27.7%) 18 (22.2%) 0.34 - Aldosterone inhibitor 81 (40.1%) 23 (28.4%) 0.07 - Digoxin 56 (27.7%) 13 (16.0%) 0.04 - Class I AAD 6 (3.0%) 8 (9.9%) 0.03 - Beta-blocker 141 (69.8%) 53 (65.4%) 0.47 - Amiodarone 48 (23.8%) 18 (22.2%) 0.78 - Sotalol 15 (7.4%) 4 (4.9%) 0.45 - Calcium antagonist 26 (12.9%) 8 (9.9%) 0.48 - Diuretics 138 (68.3%) 35 (43.2%) <0.001 - Statin 111 (55.0%) 36 (44.4%) 0.11 Data are presented as n (%), median (25th, 75th percentile) or mean ± standard deviation. * eGFR <60 mL/min. Abbreviations: AAD= antiarrhythmic drug; ACEI= angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; AF= atrial fibrillation; ARB= angiotensin receptor blocker; COPD= chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DOAC = direct oral anticoagulant; eGFR= estimated glomerular filtration rate; VKA= vitamin-K antagonist.
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