228 chapter 2 Table 51. Estimated pooled test performance of individual US characteristics in indeterminate thyroid nodules number of studies ni TP FP FN TN malignant (TP+FN/ni) sensitivity (95% CI), % specificity (95% CI), % LR+ (95% CI) LR- (95% CI) AUC (95% CI) Solitary thyroid nodule 13 1,569 203 446 349 571 35.2% 46.9 (36.0-58.2) 55.6 (46.2-64.6) 1.06 (0.77-1.45) 0.95 (0.73-1.25) 0.52 (0.48-0.56) Solid thyroid nodule 27 3,042 823 1,423 160 636 32.3% 83.7 (77.7-88.3) 28.3 (21.6-36.2) 1.17 (1.09-1.25) 0.58 (0.47-0.71) 0.62 (0.58-0.66) Hypoechogenicity 33 4,276 763 1,180 546 1,787 30.6% 62.0 (54.1-69.3) 62.1 (53.3-70.1) 1.63 (1.39-1.92) 0.61 (0.53-0.71) 0.66 (0.62-0.70) Size >4 cm 6 445 29 53 91 272 27.0% 24.2 (16.3-34.5) 85.1 (76.4-90.9) 1.62 (1.01-2.59) 0.89 (0.79-1.00) 0.48 (0.44-0.52) Taller-than-wide shape 15 2,129 258 177 449 1,245 33.2% 32.5 (25.5-40.5) 91.3 (85.2-95.0) 3.72 (2.37-5.84) 0.74 (0.67-0.81) 0.59 (0.55-0.63) Absence of halo sign 13 1,533 329 529 128 547 29.8% 71.6 (51.6-85.7) 42.1 (19.2-69.0) 1.24 (0.93-1.65) 0.67 (0.49-0.93) 0.63 (0.59-0.67) Irregular margins 28 3,969 615 426 608 2,320 30.8% 42.0 (32.5-52.2) 89.5 (84.2-93.1) 3.99 (2.82-5.64) 0.65 (0.56-0.75) 0.75 (0.71-0.79) Intranodular vascularization 21 2,835 341 680 445 1,369 27.7% 44.2 (27.0-62.8) 75.0 (55.0-88.0) 1.76 (1.15-2.71) 0.74 (0.60-0.92) 0.62 (0.58-0.66) Microcalcifications 31 4,027 437 441 777 2,372 30.1% 34.8 (26.8-43.7) 86.6 (81.3-90.6) 2.60 (1.94-3.48) 0.75 (0.67-0.84) 0.68 (0.64-0.72) Macrocalcifications 18 2,275 194 342 603 1,136 35.0% 20.2 (13.0-30.1) 82.1 (72.3-89.0) 1.13 (0.84-1.53) 0.97 (0.91-1.04) 0.49 (0.45-0.54) AUC: area under the summary receiver operator characteristic curve. FN: false negative. FP: false positive. LR+: positive likelihood ratio. LR-: negative likelihood ratio. ni: number of indeterminate nodules. TN: true negative. TP: true positive.
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