82 Chapter 4 Adenovirus co-infection (n=136) Influenza co-infection (n=227) RSV coinfection (n=220) No coinfection (n=6382) p value Sex, male (%) 72 (52.9) 146 (64.9) 125 (57.1) 3657 (57.4) 0.101 Median age, years (IQR) 71.0 (53.8 to 83.0) 68.0 (56.0 to 80.5) 71.0 (57.0 to 82.0) 64.0 (51.0 to 77.0) <0.001 Median number of comorbidities (IQR) 1.0 (0.0 to 2.0) 1.0 (0.0 to 2.0) 1.0 (0.0 to 2.0) 1.0 (0.0 to 2.0) 0.002 Immunocompromised (%) 20 (15.2) 37 (17.0) 32 (15.1) 882 (14.5) 0.784 Median 4C Mortality score (IQR)22 9.0 (6.0 to 11.0) 9.0 (6.0 to 11.5) 10.0 (6.8 to 12.0) 8.0 (5.0 to 11.0 <0.001 Median clinical frailty (IQR) 4 (2 to 6) 4 (2 to 5.3) 4 (3 to 6) 3 (2 to 5) <0.001 Median respiratory rate, per minute (IQR) 22.0 (18.0 to 26.3) 21.0 (18.0 to 28.0) 22.0 (20.0 to 28.0) 22.0 (18.0 to 27.0) 0.300 Temperature, degrees Celsius (mean (SD)) 37.5 (0.9) 37.6 (1.1) 37.6 (0.9) 37.5 (1.0) 0.400 Median systolic blood pressure, mmHg (IQR) 107 (99 to 135) 124 (102 to 145) 117 (104 to 133) 109 (102 to 118) 0.020 Median diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (IQR) 66 (54 to 70) 69 (57 to 79) 67 (58 to 82) 61 (54 to 70) 0.025 Median SaO2 (IQR) 94 (92 to 96) 94 (91 to 96) 93 (90 to 95) 94 (91 to 96) 0.017 Median FiO2 (IQR) 0.35 (0.28 to 0.60) 0.40 (0.29 to 0.60) 0.37 (0.29 to 0.61) 0.40 (0.29 to 0.75) <0.001 Median hospital length of stay, days (IQR) 11 (5 to 23) 13 (6 to 29) 11 (6 to 21) 11 (6 to 23) 0.087 Critical care admission (%) 30 (22.6) 72 (33.0) 51 (23.4) 2239 (36.1) <0.001 Treated with steroids * 41 (31.3) 40 (17.8) 35 (16.2) 3984 (67.3) <0.001 Invasive mechanical ventilation (%) 21 (15.4) 52 (23.5) 37 (16.8) 1016 (16.2) 0.037 In-hospital mortality (%) 40 (29.4) 70 (30.8) 67 (30.5) 1357 (21.3) <0.001 Table 1: Characteristics and outcomes associated with respiratory virus co-infections. Patients were defined as being immunocompromised if they had received a solid organ transplant, bone marrow or stem cell transplantation in the last 6 months, active chemotherapy, lung cancer with radical radiotherapy, cancer of the blood or bone marrow, immunotherapy for cancer or other targeted cancer treatment that affect the immune system, inborn errors of metabolism (such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) or homozygous sickle cell), HIV positive or used pre-admission immunosuppressive therapy. *Treatment with systemic corticosteroids included treatment with dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, prednisone or methylprednisolone. Only includes patients hospitalised after the release of the RECOVERY trial who also needed supplemental oxygen.
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