36 Chapter 2 Abstract The effectiveness of Take it Personal! is assessed, which is a prevention program for substance using people with a mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning. The main aim was to reduce alcohol, cannabis and/or illicit drug use among experimental to problematic substance users. A quasiexperimental design with two arms and a 3-month follow-up was conducted. Participants were recruited from treatment centers in the Netherlands specialized in offering intra- and extramural care for people with a mild intellectual disability and behavioral problems. Data was collected from 66 individuals, assigned either to the intervention condition (n = 34) or to the control condition (n = 32). Take it Personal! was designed to target one of four personality traits: sensationseeking, impulsive behavior, anxiety sensitivity, and negative thinking. For each of these profiles, interventions were developed that were structurally identical but contained different personality-specific materials, games and exercises. The control group received care as usual. Primary outcomes at 3-month followup were frequency- and severity of substance use and binge drinking. Results showed intervention effects for substance use frequency (F(1, 50.43) = 9.27, p = 0.004) and binge drinking (F(1, 48.02) = 8.63, p = 0.005), but not for severity of substance use (F(1, 42.09) = 2.20, p = 0.145). A prevention program to reduce substance use among experimental to problematic users with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning thus helped to decrease substance use frequency and binge drinking. Keywords Alcohol, cannabis, illicit drugs, indicated prevention, intellectual disabilities, personality.
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