63 Behavioral problems in Take it Personal! 3 3. Results 3.1 Preliminary analyses Table 1 presents descriptive statistics for participants on demographics and outcome variables. There were significantly more males in the control group than in the intervention group, which is the reason sex was added as a covariate to all regression models. Bivariate correlations between the four behavior problem domains and substance use reveal that none of the problem domains correlate with substance use at baseline or follow-up (Appendix B). Table 2 shows that for anxiety, withdrawn, and aggressive behaviors, most adolescents and young adults did not score in the borderline or clinical range as assessed by the YSR (Achenbach, 1991). Rule-breaking scores were more severe, with 29% of adolescents and young adults in the clinical range and 36% in the borderline range at baseline. Table 1 Youngster’s baseline demographics and outcome characteristics. Total sample (n = 66) Intervention (n = 34) Control (n = 32) t / χ2 p Age (M, SD) 17.45 (2.76) 17.21 (2.67) 17.72 (2.88) -0.75 0.455 Total IQ (M, SD) 73.68 (7.92) 72.39 (9.13) 74.85 (6.91) 0.94 0.329 Sex (male, %) 47 (71%) 20 (59%) 27 (84%) 4.08 0.043* Anxiety (M, SD) 4.47 (3.95) 4.09 (1.52) 4.86 (1.49) 0.80 0.426 Withdrawn (M, SD) 4.88 (2.71) 5.21 (2.72) 4.53 (2.72) -1.00 0.317 Rule-breaking (M, SD) 10.56 (3.80) 10.92 (4.29) 10.19 (3.23) -0.78 0.440 Aggressive (M, SD) 7.65 (4.44) 8.53 (5.06) 6.72 (3.50) -1.70 0.095 Substance use frequency+ (M, SD) 3.58 (1.10) 3.82 (1.06) 3.31 (1.09) -2.16 0.058 Note. * Significant at p < .05. + Frequency of each youngster’s most problematic substance (alcohol, cannabis or illicit drugs). Table 2 Number of participants (N = 66) in normal, borderline and clinical range at baseline per subscale of the Youth Self Report. Normal range Borderline range Clinical range Anxiety 59 (89%) 4 (6%) 3 (5%) Withdrawn 51 (77%) 9 (14%) 6 (9%) Rule-breaking 23 (35%) 24 (36%) 19 (29%) Aggressive 60 (91%) 2 (3%) 4 (6%)
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