75 The feasibility of daily monitoring 4 1. Introduction Self-report questionnaires are often used in research in young people with a mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning. A mild intellectual disability is characterized by an intelligence quotient (IQ) between 50 and 69, combined with limited conceptual, social and practical adaptive skills (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). People with borderline intellectual functioning have an IQ that typically ranges between 70 and 85. Similar to their peers with an IQ below the 70 cut-off, they struggle with the adaptive skills to meet the demands of everyday life, and thus need care that is considerate of their limited adaptive and intellectual abilities (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Wieland & Zitman, 2016). Self-report questionnaires require participants to first comprehend the questions and then have the resources to think abstractly and retrospect before answering. This can be challenging for anyone, but particularly for people with a mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning. To ensure comprehension, scholars typically construe questionnaires with a simple language and format, or, alternatively, modify existing surveys to the level of their cognitive abilities (Kooijmans et al., 2022). However, making some appeal to participants' abstract thinking and retrospective abilities remains an inherent feature of traditional surveys. Scientists and practitioners should therefore look for alternative methods that make it easier for people with a mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning to provide unbiased accounts of their lives. 1.1 Ecological Momentary Assessment In most clinical populations, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been a well-established method, but it is not a common practice in the intellectual disability field. In EMA research, individuals' experiences and behaviors are frequently measured over time through short surveys that are administered with pen-and-paper or mobile phone technology (Shiffman et al., 2008; Stone & Shiffman, 1994). This accommodates the study of everyday behavior as it unfolds in real-time within the participants' natural environment. Instead of recalling or summarizing emotional or behavioral traits over longer periods of time, as is typically done in traditional cross-sectional or longitudinal survey research, participants in EMA research repeatedly self-report their current or very recent states. This enhances the ecological validity and minimizes recall bias (Shiffman et al., 2008). EMA studies all have frequent self-assessments over time, but the chosen timespan and assessment frequencies differs from study to study. Surveys may for example be prompted at multiple (random) points in time during the day for several days or weeks (Myin-Germeys et al., 2009) or once per day for several
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