76 Chapter 4 weeks or months (Gunthert & Wenze, 2012). The latter is a special case of EMA that is called daily diary monitoring (Shiffman et al., 2008). 1.2 Daily diary compliance The goal of daily diary research is always to describe or explain day-to-day fluctuations. To achieve this, adhering to frequent self-assessments over an extended period of time is a necessity which does entail some participant burden (Palmier-Claus et al., 2012; Piasecki et al., 2007). When participants are overburdened and miss a lot of diaries, it becomes practically impossible to make a valid inference about day-to-day fluctuations, because a dynamic process cannot be described or explained when only fragments of that process are available and the parts in between are missing. The fact that daily diaries (or any other type of EMA) have barely been applied in people with a mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning is likely to due to researchers assuming that they lack the adaptive skills to comply to a daily protocol. That is, people with a mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning can have difficulties with judgement, abstract thinking, planning—skills they may need to stay committed to the diaries over time. On the other hand, the daily surveys themselves demand less from participants' retrospective abilities than traditional questionnaires (Shiffman et al., 2008), which could be particularly appealing to research in the intellectual disability field. Because daily diary studies either do not (report) screening for intellectual (dis)abilities or even actively exclude them from participating (e.g., Pihet et al., 2017), it remains unknown how compliant the target group would be and what would influence this compliance. In other clinical populations, the daily diary method has demonstrated good feasibility, as evidenced by average compliance rates of 52% in people with psychosis (Welch et al., 2022), 69% in suicidal teenagers (Czyz et al., 2018) and 81% in outpatients with major depressive disorder (Vachon et al., 2016). In substance use research, daily diaries are particularly popular. Jones et al. (2019) meta-analyzed compliance rates of 32 daily diary studies on substance use. Compliance rates ranged between 70% and 83%, with a pooled average of 77%. Schreuder et al. (2023) found an average diary compliance of 85% in 134 young adults who had a history of psychiatric inpatient treatment. In each of these different clinical populations, participant age and gender were shown to be unrelated to compliance, indicating broad diary feasibility (Czyz et al., 2018; Jones et al., 2019; Schreuder et al., 2023; Vachon et al., 2016). Interestingly, Schreuder et al. (2023) stands out from other diary studies by including information about participant IQ, which was also not associated with diary compliance. Their sample's total IQ (which had been registered
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