78 adenomyosis more often had a history of curettage after miscarriage (22.1% vs. 8.9%, p=.002). Table 3.1: Patient Characteristics Histopathology p-value Adenomyosis (n=131) No Adenomyosis (n=165) Demographics Age at MRI 42.24 ± 5.943 40.94 ± 6.019 .617 BMI 26.82 ± 5.539 26.38 ± 5.474 .416 Intoxications Smoking 35 (26.7%) 44 (28.0%) .629 Medical History History of Curettage* 29 (22.1%) 14 (8.9%) .002 Gravidity 3.0 ± 2.0 2.5 ± 2.0 .342 Parity 2.0 ± 2.0 2.0 ± 1.0 .814 History of Caesarean Section 33 (25.2%) 55 (35.0%) .542 Irregular cycle† 30 (22.9%) 36 (22.9%) .562 Hormonal medication‡ 57 (43.5%) 62 (39.5%) .426 Endometriosis§ 70 (53.4%) 72 (45.9%) .200 Uterine Fibroids 45 (34.4%) 65 (41.4%) .220 Symptoms Dysmenorrhoea 96 (73.3%) 99 (63.1%) .491 AUB 81 (61.8%) 88 (56.1%) .201 Chronic pain 95 (72.5%) 110 (70.1%) .779 Subfertility 26 (19.8%) 39 (24.8%) .417 Dyschezia 18 (13.7%) 30 (19.1%) .185 Dyspareunia 50 (38.2%) 66 (42.0%) .903 MRI= Magnetic Resonance Imaging; BMI= Body Mass Index; AUB=Abnormal Uterine Bleeding; *in the context of miscarriage or termination of pregnancy † defined as <21 days or >35 days in duration or cycle length that varied from month to month by >4 days ‡i.e. combined oral contraceptive pill (COC), progesterone only pill (POP), GnRH antagonist, levonorgestrel intra-uterine device (Ln-IUD) § as diagnosed on MRI or laparoscopy MRI characteristics Table 3.2 presents primary MRI characteristics of patients with and without a histopathological diagnosis of adenomyosis. 21 patients were not assessed on MRI due to a poor quality of the MRI, or the inability of the researchers to identify the endometrium or the JZ (e.g. due to disruption of the normal uterine anatomy in patients with severe uterine fibroids). Furthermore, 52 MRIs were re-assessed and discussed with a third investigator due to discrepancies between the two researchers. Most discrepancies related to the presence of
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