Anne Fleur Kortekaas-Rijlaarsdam

101 REINFORCEMENT LEARNING IN ADHD: EFFECTS OF MPH 5 Figure 5.1 Learning Test. Stimuli are randomly assigned to conditions A–F. In the training phase, children were presented two stimuli in each trial and were instructed to select the stimulus with the greatest probability of positive feedback. Three fixed pairs (AB, CD and EF) comprising six stimuli (A–F) were presented and children had to learn the associations between the stimuli and increasingly inconsistent positive and negative feedback. No feedback is provided in the test phase, during which children have to select the best stimulus from all possible pair configurations of stimuli A–F (AB,AC, AD, AE, AF, BC, BD, BE, BF, CD, CE, CF, DE, DF and EF in 120 trials) based on feedback provided in the training phase. During the reversal phase the AB and CD pairs are presented to children and feedback is probabilistic and reversed. Shading refers to test-phase pairs with new combinations of stimuli (i.e. novel-context pairs). Adapted from “Feedback Learning and Behavior Problems after Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury”, by M. Konigs et al., 2016, Psychological Medicine, 46, p. 1476. Copyright by Cambridge University Press.