Anne Fleur Kortekaas-Rijlaarsdam

CHAPTER 5 106 Table 5.2 Learning Performance of ADHD Group versus TD Group and MPH Effects ADHD TD Group comparisons PLA MPH ADHD v TD PLA v MPH N M SD N M SD N M SD F F Learning phase Avg. number of blocks needed 63 2.04 1.33 62 1.85 1.22 62 1.92 1.16 0.33 .75 Avg. learning task performance (all pairs) 1 63 59.82 29.11 62 65.25 29.11 62 60.72 27.67 0.12 5.99** Post-hoc analysis main effect pair: Learning task performance AB pair 63 61.57 28.70 62 67.31 29.30 62 63.46 28.08 Learning task performance CD pair 63 61.40 28.69 62 65.67 29.07 62 63.49 28.58 Learning task performance EF pair 63 56.49 30.09 62 62.77 29.28 62 55.23 25.91 Test phase Generalization of knowledge 2 55 -20.55 9.26 57 -17.23 12.78 58 -16.04 11.45 5.29* 3.07 + (Accuracy last block – accuracy novel pairs) 55 (91.90-71.35) 57 (90.91-73.68) 58 (89.37-73.33) Reversal phase Accuracy reversal learning 55 59.04 27.20 57 58.35 26.63 58 62.94 25.62 0.83 0.01 Post-hoc analysis MPH*pair: Accuracy reversal learning AB pair 55 59.19 26.69 57 64.64 28.18 Accuracy reversal learning CD pair 55 58.89 27.94 57 51.95 23.52 Note. ADHD Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; TD Typically developing controls; PLA placebo; MPH methylphenidate; 1 accuracy last learning block divided by number of blocks needed to fulfill criteria to enter test phase; 2 decline in accuracy from last learning block to test phase * p < .05 ** p < .01 + p=.086